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When people are injured in an accident, one of their first thoughts is often, “What am I going to do about work?” Experiencing a personal injury can be overwhelming, especially when you’re concerned about the security of your job.

Many Texans face unique challenges in maintaining employment while recovering, particularly if an injury results in long-term medical leave or reduced work hours. Knowing your rights and the resources available can help ensure you can keep your job and recover without unnecessary financial stress.

In this article, the personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain how to protect your job after a personal injury in Texas and what types of compensation may be available if you suffered injuries due to someone else’s negligence.

Protecting Your Job after Personal Injury

Programs That Protect Your Job After a Personal Injury

The first step in protecting your job after a personal injury is understanding your rights as an employee. In Texas, employers are required to carry workers’ compensation insurance, which provides benefits to employees who are injured on the job. This can include medical treatment and wage replacement while you recover.

If you were injured outside of work or if your employer does not have workers’ compensation insurance, you may still be protected under other laws, such as the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) or the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). These laws provide important protections for employees with injuries or disabilities that impact their ability to work.

It’s important to familiarize yourself with your rights under these laws and communicate your situation to your employer.

Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)

The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) is a federal law designed to protect employees who need time off for medical reasons, including recovery from a personal injury. Under FMLA, eligible employees can take up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave per year without the risk of losing their job. In Texas, the FMLA applies to private employers with 50 or more employees, as well as all public agencies and schools.

To qualify for FMLA, you must meet certain criteria:

  • You must have worked for your employer for at least 12 months.
  • You must have worked at least 1,250 hours over the past 12 months.
  • Your employer must have 50 or more employees within a 75-mile radius.

During FMLA leave, your employer is required to maintain your health benefits as if you were still working. Once your leave is over, you are entitled to return to the same or an equivalent position. However, FMLA only offers job protection for 12 weeks, which may not be enough if you face a long-term injury.

Can I take FMLA leave if my employer has fewer than 50 employees?

You generally cannot take FMLA leave if your employer has fewer than 50 employees. However, some smaller employers may still choose to provide similar benefits voluntarily. Additionally, there might be other state or local laws that offer protections for employees of smaller businesses. If you’re facing a situation where you need extended leave due to a personal injury or medical condition, and your employer is not covered by FMLA, consider the following alternatives:

  • Discuss your situation with your employer to see if they can offer any accommodations or leave options.
  • Check if you’re eligible for short-term disability insurance if your employer offers it.
  • Look into any paid sick leave policies your employer might have in place.
  • If your injury resulted in a disability, you might be protected under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which requires employers to provide reasonable accommodations.
  • Remember, open communication with your employer about your situation is crucial in finding a solution that works for both parties.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Accommodations

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) protects employees with disabilities, including those resulting from serious injuries. Employers are required to provide reasonable accommodations that allow you to perform essential job functions. Examples of accommodations include modified work schedules, ergonomic workstations, or temporary reassignment to a less physically demanding role. If an injury leads to a lasting impairment, the ADA may provide extended job protection beyond FMLA.

Texas Workers’ Compensation Job Retention Program

For Texans who suffer a work-related injury, Texas Workers’ Compensation provides additional support to help injured workers retain their jobs or return to work when possible. Through the Return-to-Work program, Texas employers work with the Division of Workers’ Compensation (DWC) to provide a safe return to work. Employers can create modified duties or transition the employee into a lighter role temporarily.

Paid Leave Programs in Texas

Programs in Texas for Paid Leave After a Personal Injury

  • Temporary Income Benefits (TIBs): If your injury occurred at work and you’re covered by workers’ compensation, Temporary Income Benefits (TIBs) may be available. These benefits provide wage replacement if your injury prevents you from working for more than seven days. The TIB rate is 70% of your average weekly wage before the injury. TIBs continue until you reach maximum medical improvement or return to work.
  • Short-Term Disability Insurance: If you have short-term disability insurance through your employer, it may cover a portion of your wages while you recover. Short-term disability typically provides around 60-70% of your regular earnings. Unlike workers’ compensation, which only applies to work-related injuries, short-term disability can cover non-work-related injuries, making it useful for Texans who are injured outside of work.
  • Paid Sick Leave Policies: In Texas, private employers are not required to provide paid sick leave, but many do. Some Texas cities, such as Austin, Dallas, and San Antonio, have attempted to pass local paid sick leave laws, although they face legal challenges. Check with your employer to see if they offer paid leave options. Even if there is no explicit paid leave program, some employers may allow you to use accrued vacation time or paid time off (PTO) for injury recovery.

Common Problems That May Arise Due to a Long-Term Injury

A long-term injury can create challenges beyond physical pain. Financial pressures and changes in family dynamics often arise as individuals navigate a new reality. Problems associated with long-term injuries include:

  • Lost Wages and Benefits: Prolonged leave or reduced work hours can impact your income, and sometimes even your eligibility for certain benefits.
  • Career Setbacks: Extended absences or modified duties may delay promotions, raise potential discrimination concerns, or reduce your earning potential.
  • Emotional and Mental Health Challenges: Coping with a long-term injury can lead to stress, anxiety, and depression, which may impact both work performance and personal relationships.

Can You Get Fired for Taking Leave After a Personal Injury?

Employers are generally not allowed to fire you for taking FMLA leave or for requesting a reasonable accommodation under the ADA. However, Texas is an at-will employment state, which means an employer can terminate an employee at any time, for any reason, except an illegal one. Employers cannot legally terminate you solely for taking FMLA leave or ADA accommodations, but they may do so if they claim unrelated business reasons.

If you believe you were wrongfully terminated, you may have grounds for a wrongful termination lawsuit. Consulting with a personal injury attorney experienced in employment law can help you navigate this complex process.

Communicating with Employer is Key

The Importance of Communicating With Your Employer

One of the most crucial steps in protecting your job after a personal injury is open and honest communication with your employer. This includes notifying them as soon as possible after the accident and keeping them updated on your recovery process.

Being transparent about the extent of your injuries, treatment plan, and expected timeline for recovery can help alleviate any concerns or misunderstandings your employer may have. It can also help them make necessary accommodations to support you during this time.

Additionally, if you are covered by workers’ compensation insurance, be sure to follow all reporting and documentation procedures to ensure your employer is aware of the situation and can provide appropriate support.

Pursuing Compensation in a Texas Personal Injury Case

When you suffer a personal injury, it can have a significant impact on your life and livelihood. Balancing recovery with financial stability is challenging, especially when your job and income are at risk.

In Texas, the law provides a path for injured individuals to pursue various types of compensation to ease the burden of financial losses and non-economic impacts. Understanding the types of damages available can help you protect both your finances and your job as you navigate the recovery process.

Types of Compensation

Types of Compensation Available

In Texas, personal injury compensation generally includes economic, non-economic, and sometimes punitive damages. Each type of compensation addresses different aspects of your injury:

  • Economic Damages: These cover financial losses like medical bills, lost wages, and future earning potential.
  • Non-Economic Damages: These damages cover pain, suffering, mental anguish, and loss of enjoyment in life.
  • Punitive Damages: In cases involving gross negligence, Texas law allows for punitive damages, which are designed to punish the at-fault party and discourage similar actions in the future.

How Long Will a Personal Injury Case Take?

The length of a personal injury case in Texas can vary significantly depending on a range of factors. Some cases may resolve within a few months, while others can take years to reach a conclusion. Typically, the timeline is influenced by the severity of injuries, the complexity of the case, the willingness of parties to negotiate, and whether the case goes to trial.

Initial Investigation and Filing: After an injury occurs, there’s an initial investigation to gather evidence, assess damages, and determine liability. This process, along with filing a claim, can take weeks to months.

Negotiation and Settlement Discussions: In many cases, a fair settlement can be reached without going to trial, which can shorten the process considerably. However, if the insurance company or defendant is unwilling to offer a reasonable settlement, this phase may extend.

Litigation and Trial: If the case proceeds to litigation, the timeline becomes longer. Discovery, pre-trial motions, and trial preparation can take months to over a year. Trials themselves add additional time and can vary from days to weeks, depending on the case’s complexity.

While every case is unique, the average personal injury case can last anywhere from several months to two years. Working with an experienced attorney can help streamline the process and ensure your case moves as efficiently as possible.

How a Personal Injury Lawyer Can Help

A personal injury attorney at Varghese Summersett can be crucial in helping you navigate your compensation claim. Our experienced lawyers understand Texas laws and can handle complex tasks such as gathering evidence, negotiating with insurance companies, and calculating the full extent of your losses. We work with medical experts, accident reconstruction specialists, and economic analysts to strengthen your case and maximize your compensation.

Need to Protect Your Job after a Personal Injury?

When a personal injury impacts your job and livelihood, there’s no time to wait. At Varghese Summersett, we’re here to advocate for your rights and help you navigate the legal complexities. Call us today at (817) 203-2220 or contact us online for a confidential consultation. Our dedicated team is ready to help you every step of the way. Best of all, we work on contingency, which means you will never pay anything upfront or out-of-pocket.  You focus on your recovery, and we’ll handle the rest.

injured we can help

Varghese Summersett

Auto Accidents in Texas: How to Find Information and Help

When you hear that a loved one has been in an auto accident, a flood of emotions can overwhelm you—fear, anxiety, and uncertainty. You want answers, and you want them fast. At Varghese Summersett, we understand the urgency of getting accurate information and legal support when it matters most. You may be searching for news about a recent accident or for auto accident lawyers near me.

We are lawyers who level the playing field. Don't give the other side an unfair advantage.

In this guide, we’ll explain how to find information about accidents in major Texas cities and outline the general steps to take, no matter where the accident occurred. We’ll keep it straightforward and practical because, in times like these, simplicity is key.

how to get more information about a recent accident

How to Find Out About an Accident in Texas Cities

Fort Worth

If you believe an accident occurred in Fort Worth, the following links will help:

  • The City of Fort Worth tracks local accidents. This report tells  the  locations of recent accidents. Even though it does not name individuals in the accident, it can be helpful if you know someone was in a particular area.
  • DFW Scanner often posts recent accident information.

Arlington

For accidents in Arlington:

Dallas

  • The City of Dallas tracks local accidents. This report tells you the locations of recent accidents, even though it does not name individuals in the accident, it can be a helpful tool if you know someone was in a particular area.
  • Here in how you can obtain an accident report from the City of Dallas.

Houston

  • The City of Houston tracks accidents here.
  • If you are looking for an accident report, you can fill out this form and return it to the police department.

Fort Bend County

For Fort Bend County:

Austin and Travis County

In Austin:

  • For active accident investigations in Austin and Travis County, go here.
  • To order an accident report for a wreck in Austin, go here.

San Antonio

In San Antonio:

Tough cases call for the toughest lawyers.

If You Suspect a Loved One Has Been in an Auto Accident:

Stay Calm

It’s easier said than done, but keeping a level head will help you make better decisions.

Reach Out

Try contacting your loved one directly. They might be able to provide immediate reassurance.

Contact Local Authorities

If you can’t reach them, contacting local police or hospitals can provide information.

Gather Information

Note the time, location, and any details you might have.

Our lawyers are your bridge over troubled waters.

When to You Should Contact an Attorney

If your loved one has been injured or, tragically, killed in an auto accident, it’s crucial to contact an attorney as soon as possible. Here’s why timing is essential:

Preservation of Evidence

Critical evidence can be lost or destroyed over time. An attorney can help preserve accident reports, witness statements, and physical evidence.

Understanding Legal Rights

You need to know your rights regarding medical expenses, compensation, and potential wrongful death claims.

Dealing with Insurance Companies

Insurance adjusters may attempt to minimize payouts. An attorney can negotiate on your behalf to ensure fair compensation.

Navigating Complex Laws

Texas laws regarding personal injury and wrongful death can be complex. Legal guidance ensures all procedures are correctly followed.

Understanding the Legal Process After an Auto Accident in Texas

Navigating the aftermath of an auto accident in Texas can be overwhelming. At Varghese Summersett, we’re here to guide you through each step, ensuring your rights are protected and you receive the compensation you deserve.

Filing a Claim

Time is of the essence when filing a claim after an auto accident. Texas law imposes a two-year statute of limitations on personal injury cases. Delaying can jeopardize your ability to seek compensation. We will promptly file all necessary paperwork, ensuring compliance with legal deadlines. Our team will handle communications with insurance companies, relieving you of that burden.

Investigations

A thorough investigation is crucial to building a strong case. This includes gathering evidence like police reports, medical records, and witness statements. Our experienced investigators will collect and preserve vital evidence. We’ll interview witnesses and consult with experts to strengthen your case.

Settlements and Trials

Whether through negotiation or litigation, our goal is to achieve the best possible outcome for you.

We will negotiate assertively with insurance companies to seek a fair settlement. If necessary, our skilled trial attorneys are prepared to advocate for you in court. Understanding each step of the legal process empowers you to make informed decisions. At Varghese Summersett, we’re committed to supporting you every step of the way.

Hire our personal injury attorneys who do not settle for less.

Conclusion

An auto accident involving a loved one is a challenging ordeal. But you don’t have to navigate it alone. With the right information and legal support, you can focus on what truly matters—your loved one’s recovery.

Contact Varghese Summersett today for a free consultation. We’re here to help.

Varghese Summersett

Understanding Age of Consent by State

The age of consent is the legal age at which a person is considered mature enough to consent to sexual activity. This age varies from state to state across the United States, typically ranging from 16 to 18 years old. Age of consent laws are essential because they protect minors from potential exploitation, but they can be complex, especially when state and federal laws differ. Knowing the specific age of consent in each state can help you better understand legal boundaries and protections.

What is the Age of Consent?

The age of consent defines the age at which an individual is legally permitted to consent to sexual activity. This age varies by state, with most states setting the age between 16 and 18. Federal law also plays a role, especially in cases involving interstate activities, online communication, or other federal offenses involving minors. Generally, federal law prohibits sexual activity with individuals under 18 in these cases, even if the age of consent is lower in the minor’s state.

More About Varghese Summersett:

Fort Worth Criminal Defense | Dallas Criminal Defense | Houston Criminal Defense | Fort Bend Criminal Defense

Age of Consent By State

Any sex allegation involving a child can bring your life to a screeching halt. The accusation – which may be nothing more than a statement – could lead to the loss of freedom, parental rights, housing, and employment.

Why Are Age of Consent Laws Important?

Age of consent laws are designed to protect young people from sexual exploitation. These laws acknowledge that minors may lack the emotional maturity or legal standing to make informed decisions regarding sexual activity. By setting a legal age, states can help protect minors from predatory actions by older individuals. However, there are also challenges, as many states do not make allowances for minors who misrepresent or lie about their age. Ignorance of a minor’s age is typically not a defense in cases involving statutory offenses.

Learn about age of consent in Texas.

Age of Consent Laws Across the United States

the age of consent
While federal law establishes an age of 18 for sexual consent in specific cases, each state has the authority to set its age of consent laws. The table below summarizes the age of consent across the United States. If you have questions about the age of consent or specific laws in a certain state, it’s best to consult a legal professional.

State Age of Consent
Alabama 16
Alaska 16
Arizona 18
Arkansas 16
California 18
Colorado 17
Connecticut 16
Delaware 18
Florida 18
Georgia 16
Hawaii 16
Idaho 18
Illinois 17
Indiana 16
Iowa 16
Kansas 16
Kentucky 16
Louisiana 17
Maine 16
Maryland 16
Massachusetts 16
Michigan 16
Minnesota 16
Mississippi 16
Missouri 17
Montana 16
Nebraska 17
Nevada 16
New Hampshire 16
New Jersey 16
New Mexico 17
New York 17
North Carolina 16
North Dakota 18
Ohio 16
Oklahoma 16
Oregon 18
Pennsylvania 16
Rhode Island 16
South Carolina 16
South Dakota 16
Tennessee 18
Texas 17
Utah 18
Vermont 16
Virginia 18
Washington 16
West Virginia 16
Wisconsin 18
Wyoming 18

The age of consent commonly comes up in allegations involving the following offenses:

Sexual Assault of a Child

Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child

Indecency by Exposure and Indecency by Contact

Continuous Sexual Assault of a Child

Online Solicitation of a Minor

Federal Law and Age of Consent

Federal law mandates that individuals must be at least 18 to consent to sexual activity if the activity involves interstate travel or online communication with a minor. This means that even if a state’s age of consent is lower than 18, the federal standard will apply in specific cases. This rule is particularly relevant for cases involving internet communication, such as online solicitation or sharing explicit materials.

Conclusion

The age of consent varies significantly across the United States, and understanding these differences is essential for legal awareness. Knowing both state and federal laws is especially important, as the consequences for violations can be severe. If you have questions or concerns regarding age of consent laws, consulting with a legal professional can provide clarity and guidance.

Varghese Summersett

Houston Car Accident Lawyer Answers: Why Are There So Many Fatal Car Accidents in Houston

It is too common an experience to watch the news and see another fatality on Houston roadways. Houston’s roads have become increasingly dangerous, with recent statistics painting a troubling picture of traffic safety in Texas’s largest city. If you’re a Houston resident, understanding these risks and knowing how to protect your legal rights has never been more crucial.

The Alarming Reality of Houston Traffic Accidents

The numbers are staggering: Houston recorded over 67,000 car accidents in 2023 alone. That’s approximately 185 crashes every single day. Even more concerning, 323 of these accidents were fatal, resulting in 326 deaths. The first half of 2024 has shown no sign of improvement, with traffic fatalities increasing by 11.9% compared to the same period in 2023.

To put this in perspective, Houston’s accident rates significantly exceed those of other major Texas cities:

  • Houston: 67,386 accidents
  • San Antonio: 39,355 accidents
  • Dallas: 33,980 accidents
  • Fort Worth: 13,401 accidents
  • Austin: 12,768 accidents

This year more people were killed in car wrecks than they were in homicides in Houston.

houston car accidents exceed homicides
Source: Axios Houston

Why Are Houston’s Roads So Dangerous?

According to our Houston car accident lawyer, several factors contribute to Houston’s high accident rates. Understanding these reasons is crucial for every driver in our city.

Massive Urban Sprawl and Traffic Volume

Houston’s metropolitan area is vast, with millions of vehicles traversing its roads daily. Harris County alone accounts for 3.5 million drivers, while the greater Houston area sees more than 5.5 million registered vehicles on its roads. This sheer volume of traffic creates numerous opportunities for collisions.

Hazardous Highway Design

Houston’s highway system, particularly Interstate 45, has earned a notorious reputation. I-45 ranks as the deadliest highway in America , while other major arteries like I-10, US-59, and the 610 Loop regularly see severe accidents.

Common Causes of Accidents

At Varghese Summersett, we’ve seen countless accidents caused by preventable factors. Speeding remains the leading cause of crashes in Texas, followed closely by distracted driving. Perhaps most troubling is that drunk driving still accounts for 24% of traffic fatalities in our state. The wide freeways of Houston, while designed to handle large traffic volumes, often encourage aggressive driving behaviors that put everyone at risk.

The Real Impact on Houston Residents

Behind every statistic is a real person whose life has been altered by a car accident. In 2023 alone, over 22,000 people suffered injuries in Houston car crashes. More than 42,000 accidents resulted in property damage, leaving families struggling with repair bills and transportation issues. The impact extends far beyond the immediate aftermath of a crash – we’ve seen clients face mounting medical bills, lost wages, and long-term rehabilitation needs.

Navigating the Aftermath of a Houston Car Accident

When you’ve been involved in a car accident in Houston, the steps you take immediately afterward can significantly impact your future. At Varghese Summersett, we’ve guided countless clients through this challenging time, and we’ve seen firsthand how proper legal representation can make a crucial difference in recovery – both physical and financial.

Our approach to car accident cases is comprehensive and personal. We understand that every accident is unique, and so is every client’s situation. When you work with our firm, you’re not just getting a lawyer – you’re getting a team that truly understands Houston’s complex traffic landscape and the challenges accident victims face.

Tough cases call for the toughest lawyers.

Understanding Your Rights and Options

Texas law provides accident victims with specific rights, but these rights must be exercised properly and promptly. Through years of representing Houston accident victims, we’ve developed a deep understanding of how to navigate both the legal system and insurance company tactics. Our experience has shown that insurance companies often move quickly to minimize their payouts, which is why having knowledgeable legal representation is crucial.

The Path to Recovery with Varghese Summersett

Our approach to handling car accident cases in Houston is built on years of experience and a deep commitment to our clients’ well-being. We begin by conducting a thorough investigation of your accident, gathering crucial evidence, and building a strong case for compensation. This includes not just current medical bills and lost wages, but also future expenses and impacts on your quality of life.

We’ve seen how accidents can affect every aspect of a person’s life, from their ability to work to their relationships with family members. That’s why we fight tirelessly to ensure our clients receive the full compensation they deserve. This might include coverage for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other damages that result from the accident.

Taking the First Step Toward Recovery

If you’ve been involved in a car accident in Houston, don’t wait to get the legal help you need. The sooner you reach out to Varghese Summersett, the better positioned we’ll be to protect your rights and fight for your interests. Our team is ready to provide the guidance and support you need during this challenging time.

Contact us today at (281) 805-2220 for a free consultation. We’ll evaluate your case, explain your options, and help you understand the best path forward. Remember, you don’t have to navigate this difficult time alone – let our experience and dedication work for you.

Your Future Matters

With Houston’s roads becoming increasingly dangerous, having strong legal representation isn’t just helpful – it’s essential. At Varghese Summersett, we’re committed to helping accident victims rebuild their lives and secure the compensation they deserve. Don’t let an accident define your future. Contact us today, and let us help you take the first step toward recovery.

Varghese Summersett

Houston Car Accident Lawyer Answers: Why Are There So Many Fatal Car Accidents in Houston

It is too common an experience to watch the news and see another fatality on Houston roadways. Houston’s roads have become increasingly dangerous, with recent statistics painting a troubling picture of traffic safety in Texas’s largest city. If you’re a Houston resident, understanding these risks and knowing how to protect your legal rights has never been more crucial.

The Alarming Reality of Houston Traffic Accidents

The numbers are staggering: Houston recorded over 67,000 car accidents in 2023 alone. That’s approximately 185 crashes every single day. Even more concerning, 323 of these accidents were fatal, resulting in 326 deaths. The first half of 2024 has shown no sign of improvement, with traffic fatalities increasing by 11.9% compared to the same period in 2023.

To put this in perspective, Houston’s accident rates significantly exceed those of other major Texas cities:

  • Houston: 67,386 accidents
  • San Antonio: 39,355 accidents
  • Dallas: 33,980 accidents
  • Fort Worth: 13,401 accidents
  • Austin: 12,768 accidents

This year more people were killed in car wrecks than they were in homicides in Houston.

houston car accidents exceed homicides
Source: Axios Houston

Why Are Houston’s Roads So Dangerous?

According to our Houston car accident lawyer, several factors contribute to Houston’s high accident rates. Understanding these reasons is crucial for every driver in our city.

Massive Urban Sprawl and Traffic Volume

Houston’s metropolitan area is vast, with millions of vehicles traversing its roads daily. Harris County alone accounts for 3.5 million drivers, while the greater Houston area sees more than 5.5 million registered vehicles on its roads. This sheer volume of traffic creates numerous opportunities for collisions.

Hazardous Highway Design

Houston’s highway system, particularly Interstate 45, has earned a notorious reputation. I-45 ranks as the deadliest highway in America , while other major arteries like I-10, US-59, and the 610 Loop regularly see severe accidents.

Common Causes of Accidents

At Varghese Summersett, we’ve seen countless accidents caused by preventable factors. Speeding remains the leading cause of crashes in Texas, followed closely by distracted driving. Perhaps most troubling is that drunk driving still accounts for 24% of traffic fatalities in our state. The wide freeways of Houston, while designed to handle large traffic volumes, often encourage aggressive driving behaviors that put everyone at risk.

The Real Impact on Houston Residents

Behind every statistic is a real person whose life has been altered by a car accident. In 2023 alone, over 22,000 people suffered injuries in Houston car crashes. More than 42,000 accidents resulted in property damage, leaving families struggling with repair bills and transportation issues. The impact extends far beyond the immediate aftermath of a crash – we’ve seen clients face mounting medical bills, lost wages, and long-term rehabilitation needs.

Navigating the Aftermath of a Houston Car Accident

When you’ve been involved in a car accident in Houston, the steps you take immediately afterward can significantly impact your future. At Varghese Summersett, we’ve guided countless clients through this challenging time, and we’ve seen firsthand how proper legal representation can make a crucial difference in recovery – both physical and financial.

Our approach to car accident cases is comprehensive and personal. We understand that every accident is unique, and so is every client’s situation. When you work with our firm, you’re not just getting a lawyer – you’re getting a team that truly understands Houston’s complex traffic landscape and the challenges accident victims face.

Tough cases call for the toughest lawyers.

Understanding Your Rights and Options

Texas law provides accident victims with specific rights, but these rights must be exercised properly and promptly. Through years of representing Houston accident victims, we’ve developed a deep understanding of how to navigate both the legal system and insurance company tactics. Our experience has shown that insurance companies often move quickly to minimize their payouts, which is why having knowledgeable legal representation is crucial.

The Path to Recovery with Varghese Summersett

Our approach to handling car accident cases in Houston is built on years of experience and a deep commitment to our clients’ well-being. We begin by conducting a thorough investigation of your accident, gathering crucial evidence, and building a strong case for compensation. This includes not just current medical bills and lost wages, but also future expenses and impacts on your quality of life.

We’ve seen how accidents can affect every aspect of a person’s life, from their ability to work to their relationships with family members. That’s why we fight tirelessly to ensure our clients receive the full compensation they deserve. This might include coverage for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other damages that result from the accident.

Taking the First Step Toward Recovery

If you’ve been involved in a car accident in Houston, don’t wait to get the legal help you need. The sooner you reach out to Varghese Summersett, the better positioned we’ll be to protect your rights and fight for your interests. Our team is ready to provide the guidance and support you need during this challenging time.

Contact us today at (281) 805-2220 for a free consultation. We’ll evaluate your case, explain your options, and help you understand the best path forward. Remember, you don’t have to navigate this difficult time alone – let our experience and dedication work for you.

Your Future Matters

With Houston’s roads becoming increasingly dangerous, having strong legal representation isn’t just helpful – it’s essential. At Varghese Summersett, we’re committed to helping accident victims rebuild their lives and secure the compensation they deserve. Don’t let an accident define your future. Contact us today, and let us help you take the first step toward recovery.

Varghese Summersett

What is a Third Degree Felony Texas?

Felonies are categorized as four types in Texas. These are State Jail Felony, Third Degree Felony, Second Degree Felony, and First Degree Felony.

What is a Third Degree Felony?

A Third Degree Felony is defined in Penal Code Section 12.34 and is the second lowest level of felony in Texas. It is an offense that is punishable by 2 to 10 years in Texas.

felony offense levels

What is the Punishment for a Third Degree Felony?

Under Texas Penal Code Section 12.34, a third degree felony is punishable by:

  • Imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for 2 to 10 years. This means that if you are sentenced to prison time, your minimum term of imprisonment will be 2 years.
  • A fine of up to $10,000. This means a fine does not have to be imposed, but if one is imposed it cannot exceed $10,000. However because you also have to pay court costs to the court, the actual amount you pay for fines and court costs could exceed $10,000. This fine limit also does not apply to things like probation fees or restitution.
  • Possible combination of both imprisonment and fine

Enhancement to Repeat and Habitual Offender Status

A third degree felony charge can be enhanced to a more serious offense if you have prior prison trips:

  • Repeat Offender: If you have bene to prison once before, your third degree felony can be enhanced to a second degree felony (2-20 years)
  • Habitual Offender: If you have two prior felony convictions, your punishment range increases to 25-99 years or life in prison

Probation Options in Texas

Jury Probation

You may be eligible for jury probation if:

  • You have never been convicted of a felony in Texas or any other state
  • You file a sworn motion before trial requesting jury probation
  • The jury finds you guilty and sentences you to 10 years or less

Judge Probation

A judge may grant probation if:

  • The sentence imposed doesn’t exceed 10 years
  • You have no prior felony convictions
  • The offense didn’t involve a deadly weapon or serious bodily injury

Deferred Adjudication

Deferred adjudication may be available through a judge (never a jury) if:

  • You plead guilty or no contest
  • The judge believes deferred adjudication is in the best interest of society and the defendant
  • The offense is not one that prohibits deferred adjudication by statute

Tough cases call for the toughest lawyers.

Common Third Degree Felonies in Texas

Some frequently charged third degree felonies include:

  • Possession of 1-4 grams of controlled substances
  • Driving While Intoxicated (3rd offense)
  • Assault on a Public Servant
  • Stalking
  • Retaliation
  • Terroristic Threat against a Public Servant

Why Choose Varghese Summersett for Your Defense?

If you’re facing third degree felony charges in Tarrant, Dallas, Harris, or Fort Bend County, here’s why you should contact Varghese Summersett immediately:

  • Extensive Experience: Our attorneys have handled hundreds of third degree felony cases across Texas’s major metropolitan areas
  • Strategic Defense: We understand enhancement provisions and can develop strategies to avoid them
  • Probation Expertise: We have significant experience in securing both regular probation and deferred adjudication for eligible clients
  • Local Knowledge: Our firm has established relationships with local prosecutors and understands how different counties handle these cases
  • Proven Track Record: We have successfully defended numerous clients against third degree felony charges

Contact Us Today

Time is critical in felony cases. The sooner you contact Varghese Summersett, the better we can protect your rights and build your defense strategy. Call us for a confidential consultation to discuss your case and understand your options.

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Chelsea Cook was killed and Evan Ranallo was injured in wrong-way wreckOn October 27, Chelsea Cook was killed, and her fiancé, Evan Ranallo, was seriously injured after their pickup was struck by a wrong-way driver in northwest Fort Worth.

The couple was driving home on Northwest Loop 820 early Sunday morning after a performance by Evan’s band when they were hit head-on by a Ford Focus occupied by a family of four – all of whom tragically died in the crash, including two children.

Chelsea also died at the scene. Evan survived but has had multiple surgeries and remains hospitalized.

Devastated by the tragedy, Evan and Chelsea’s family have retained the law firm of Varghese Summersett to investigate the accident and uncover all contributing factors that may have led to this tragedy.

How did this happen? Why was the other family driving the wrong way on the freeway? Was alcohol or impairment involved? Were there any road signs or warnings that may have been missed? Were there any eyewitnesses who could provide additional details about the moments leading up to the crash?

Chelsea Cook and Evan Ranallo“Our goal is to support the families through this incredibly difficult time, find the answers they deserve, and address any and all responsible parties,” said Partner Ty Stimpson, who leads the firm’s Personal Injury Division. “Chelsea’s life was tragically cut short, and Evan faces a long road of recovery, both physically and emotionally. This couple was supposed to be planning their wedding.”

A GoFundMe has been established in honor of Chelsea and to support Evan’s long-term medical needs: https://gofund.me/1983a26a.

If you or someone you know has a tip or lead regarding this wrong-way wreck, please call 817-207-4878.

Varghese Summersett

Uncontested Divorce in Texas: A Complete Guide

Ending a marriage is never easy, but some paths forward are smoother than others. At Varghese Summersett, we’ve helped numerous Texas couples navigate the divorce process, and we’ve found that an uncontested divorce is sometimes he most straightforward route to starting a new chapter in life. This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know about uncontested divorce in Texas.

What Is an Uncontested Divorce?

Put simply, an uncontested divorce occurs when both spouses agree on all aspects of ending their marriage. Think of it as a mutual decision-making process where both parties come to the table ready to work together rather than against each other.

For a divorce to be truly uncontested, both spouses must agree on every single aspect of their separation, including:

measure our success by yours

The Timeline of an Uncontested Divorce in Texas

One of the most common questions we hear is: “How long will this take?” In Texas, even the smoothest uncontested divorce has a minimum timeline due to state law requirements.

Mandatory Waiting Period

Texas law requires a 60-day waiting period from the date you file your divorce petition before the court can finalize your divorce. Think of this as a “cooling-off period” that gives couples time to be certain about their decision.

Typical Timeline Breakdown

A standard uncontested divorce in Texas usually follows this timeline:

  • Day 1: File Original Petition for Divorce
  • Days 1-60: Complete and sign divorce decree and associated documents
  • Day 61+: Schedule and attend final hearing (prove-up)
  • Final Decree Signed: Usually within 1-2 weeks after the hearing

In total, most uncontested divorces are completed within 60-90 days from filing. However, this timeline assumes everything goes smoothly and both parties remain cooperative throughout the process.

marriage is difficult

Cost Considerations: Understanding the Financial Impact

Flat Fee Structure for Uncontested Divorces

At Varghese Summersett, we understand that financial certainty is important during this transitional time. For straightforward uncontested divorces, we often offer a flat fee structure, which means you’ll know exactly what to expect in terms of legal costs from the beginning.

Our flat fee typically covers:

  • Initial consultation and case evaluation;
  • Preparation of all necessary legal documents;
  • Communication with opposing party or their attorney;
  • Final hearing representation.

While the flat fee does not cover filing fees, we can also make this a fairly predictable number for you based on where the case is being filed.

When Flat Fees Apply

Not every uncontested divorce operates on a flat fee. We can typically offer flat fee arrangements when:

  • Both parties are in complete agreement on all issues
  • There are no complex assets requiring professional valuation
  • Both parties are responsive and cooperative
  • No unexpected issues arise during the process
  • Matters related to any children are agreed upon.

Our lawyers make sure that every ending is a new beginning.

When an Uncontested Divorce Becomes Contested

Sometimes, what begins as an uncontested divorce can become contested. This transformation typically happens when disagreements arise during the process, often catching one or both parties by surprise.

Common Reasons for Contest

Here are the most frequent reasons an uncontested divorce becomes contested:

  1. Discovery of Hidden Assets: One spouse finds previously unknown accounts, properties, or investments;
  2. Financial Changes: Job loss, business valuation disputes, or inheritance questions;
  3. Child-Related Issues: Disagreements about custody, visitation, or support amounts;
  4. New Relationships: When one party begins dating during the divorce process;
  5. Family Interference: When family members or friends encourage more aggressive positions;
  6. Emotional Evolution: As the reality of divorce sets in, emotions can lead to changed positions;
  7. Property Valuation Disputes: Disagreements about the worth of homes, businesses, or other assets;
  8. Retirement Account Issues: Conflicts over the division of pensions or 401(k)s.

Financial Implications of an Uncontested Divorce Becoming Contested

When a divorce shifts from uncontested to contested, the fee structure typically changes to reflect the additional work required. In contested cases, we do not operate on flat fees. A typical contested divorce is structured with a standard retainer. This includes the following:

  • An initial retainer deposit
  • Hourly billing for work performed
  • Regular billing statements showing work completed
  • Additional retainer deposits as needed

This change reflects the increased complexity and time investment required for:

  • Court appearances and hearings
  • Discovery processes
  • Document preparation and review
  • Negotiations with opposing counsel
  • Mediation sessions
  • Possible trial preparation

Our lawyers are your compass in the storm.

The Critical Role of Legal Representation in Uncontested Divorce

Even in an uncontested divorce, having legal representation is crucial. Here’s why:

Protection of Legal Rights

Our attorney ensures:

  • Your rights are protected under Texas law;
  • Property division is fair and equitable;
  • Child custody arrangements serve the best interests of the children;
  • Support amounts comply with state guidelines; and
  • All necessary assets and debts are addressed;
  • Court deadlines are met;
  • Filing procedures are correctly followed; and
  • Agreements are properly worded to prevent future disputes.

Court Proceedings in Uncontested Divorces

While uncontested divorces require less court involvement, some court proceedings are still necessary.

The “Prove-Up” Hearing

This final hearing typically involves:

  • Brief testimony from one spouse
  • Review of the divorce decree by the judge
  • Questions from the judge (if any)
  • Final signature of the divorce decree

Understanding the Benefits of Uncontested Divorce

Choosing an uncontested divorce offers numerous advantages:

Financial Benefits

The financial advantages of an uncontested divorce can be significant. First and foremost, you’ll typically spend less on legal fees since there’s no need for lengthy court battles or multiple hearings. Because most uncontested divorces can be handled with a flat fee structure, you’ll know exactly what to expect financially from the beginning – no surprise bills or mounting legal costs. You won’t need to take multiple days off work for court appearances, which helps protect both your income and your professional reputation. Additionally, you can avoid the expensive costs of hiring expert witnesses, such as property appraisers, business valuators, or custody evaluators, which can easily add thousands of dollars to a contested divorce.

Emotional Benefits

Beyond the financial savings, the emotional benefits of an uncontested divorce are invaluable. Instead of enduring months or even years of high-stress litigation, you and your spouse can focus on moving forward with your lives. This cooperative approach often leads to better relationships post-divorce, which is especially crucial if you have children together. Parents who divorce amicably typically find it easier to co-parent effectively, leading to better outcomes for their children. Perhaps most importantly, an uncontested divorce puts you and your spouse in control of your future, rather than leaving major life decisions in the hands of a judge who doesn’t know your family’s unique circumstances.

Fault vs. No-Fault in Texas Uncontested Divorces

While Texas allows both fault and no-fault grounds for divorce, most uncontested divorces use the no-fault ground of “insupportability” (irreconcilable differences). However, this isn’t a requirement.

Understanding Your Options

In Texas, you can file for divorce based on:

  • Insupportability (no-fault)
  • Cruelty
  • Adultery
  • Felony conviction
  • Abandonment
  • Living apart
  • Confinement in a mental hospital

The stakes are high. Hire the best lawyers.

Protecting Your Future:

Even in an amicable divorce, certain aspects require careful attention:

Financial Considerations

Even in an amicable divorce, it’s crucial to consider the long-term financial impact of your decisions. The way you divide property can have significant tax consequences – what seems like an equal split on paper might have very different tax implications for each spouse. Retirement benefits require special attention too; dividing accounts like 401(k)s and pensions often needs specific legal documents to avoid early withdrawal penalties and ensure both parties receive their fair share.

Insurance considerations are another critical factor. You’ll need to think about how health insurance coverage will change, whether life insurance policies need to be maintained or modified, and what adjustments might be needed for home and auto insurance. It’s also important to update your estate planning documents, including wills, trusts, and beneficiary designations on retirement accounts and life insurance policies. Additionally, you’ll want to carefully consider how the division of debts and joint credit accounts might affect your credit score and future financial stability.

Legal Protections

While an uncontested divorce is cooperative in nature, proper legal protections are still essential to prevent future disputes. Your divorce decree should include crystal-clear terms about property division, leaving no room for misinterpretation about who gets what. If support payments are part of your agreement, whether child support or spousal maintenance, these provisions must be carefully worded to ensure they’re enforceable if problems arise later.

For parents, protecting your rights and responsibilities is paramount. Your decree should spell out not just custody arrangements, but also decision-making authority for important matters like education, healthcare, and religious upbringing. We also recommend including specific protocols for how you’ll communicate and make decisions about your children, which can prevent many common co-parenting conflicts. Finally, including clear procedures for resolving any future disagreements – whether through mediation or other means – can save considerable time, money, and stress down the road.

Taking the Next Step

If you’re considering an uncontested divorce in Texas, Varghese Summersett can help ensure your rights are protected while maintaining the cooperative spirit that makes uncontested divorces successful. We offer:

  • Initial consultations to evaluate your situation
  • Clear explanation of your legal options
  • Transparent fee structures
  • Experienced guidance throughout the process
  • Protection of your legal rights

Contact Us Today

Ready to learn more about uncontested divorce in Texas? Contact Varghese Summersett for a consultation. Our experienced family law attorneys will help you understand your options and guide you through the process with the care and attention you deserve.

Remember, while an uncontested divorce can be simpler and more cost-effective, having proper legal guidance ensures your rights are protected and all necessary issues are properly addressed. Let us help you start your new chapter with confidence and peace of mind.

Varghese Summersett

Jason Kelce — former NFL star, ESPN analyst, and podcast sensation — is used to going viral, but last weekend, it was completely unexpected and unscripted. In a video widely distributed on social media, Kelce can be seen smashing a man’s phone outside Penn State’s Beaver Stadium after he shouted a homophobic slur about his brother, Travis, dating pop sensation Taylor Swift.

This incident has raised questions: Could Kelce face legal consequences? What about the heckler who incited him? In this article, the criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett break down the potential legal implications, which depend on several factors, including the laws in Pennsylvania and whether law enforcement chooses to get involved.

What Prompted the Incident Jason Kelce Phone Smashing?

Jason Kelce Confronts Fan Over Slur

Jason Kelce, former Philadelphia Eagles center, was involved in a heated altercation with a fan outside Beaver Stadium at Penn State University on Saturday, November 2, 2024. Kelce was walking through a crowd of fans while carrying a case of beer when a man in the background shouted a homophobic slur, targeting Kelce’s brother Travis and his relationship with pop star Taylor Swift. In response, Kelce turned around, grabbed the man’s phone, and forcefully smashed it on the ground.

The confrontation didn’t end there. After destroying the phone, Kelce picked it up and walked away. Another video angle shows the man, wearing a Penn State sweatshirt, chasing after Kelce and demanding the return of his phone. Witnesses reported that Kelce then repeated the slur back to the man, escalating the verbal exchange.

This incident occurred while Kelce was in State College for an appearance on ESPN’s “College GameDay” ahead of the Penn State versus Ohio State football game.

Potential Charges for Jason Kelce?

Potential Charges for Jason Kelce?

If Jason Kelce were to face criminal charges—which is a very big IF—they would fall under Pennsylvania law. Here’s a look at potential charges that could stem from the incident, with the most likely charge being criminal mischief or disorderly conduct.

Criminal Mischief

Under Pennsylvania Law, specifically Title 18, Section 3304 , Kelce’s actions could be classified as criminal mischief. A person is guilty of criminal mischief if he or she:

1) Intentionally, recklessly, or negligently damage the tangible property of another using fire, explosives, or other dangerous means.
2) Intentionally or recklessly tamper with the tangible property of another in a way that endangers the person or property.
3) Intentionally or recklessly cause another to suffer pecuniary loss by deception or threat.
4) Intentionally deface or damage tangible public property or tangible property of another with graffiti using aerosol spray-paint, broad-tipped indelible markers, or similar devices.
5) Intentionally damage real or personal property of another.
6) Intentionally deface personal, private, or public property by discharging a paintball gun or paintball marker at that property.

The severity of the charge depends on the value of the damaged property. If the phone’s value is between $500 and $1,000—for a typical smartphone—it could be considered a third-degree misdemeanor, punishable by up to a year in jail and a maximum $2,500 fine.

In Texas, which is where we practice, criminal mischief is punished about as the same as in Pennsylvania.

Disorderly Conduct

According to Pennsylvania law (18 Pa.C.S. § 5503), a person is guilty of disorderly conduct if, with intent to cause public inconvenience, annoyance or alarm, or recklessly creating a risk thereof, they:

1) Engage in fighting or threatening, or in violent or tumultuous behavior;
2) Make unreasonable noise;
3) Use obscene language or make an obscene gesture;
4) Create a hazardous or physically offensive condition by any act which serves no legitimate purpose;

Kelce’s act of smashing the fan’s phone could be seen as “violent or tumultuous behavior” in a public setting.  The incident likely caused public inconvenience or alarm, given that it occurred in a crowded area outside a stadium. It’s interesting to note that the heckler could also potentially face a charge of disorderly conduct.

Disorderly conduct is typically a summary offense in Pennsylvania, punishable by up to 90 days in jail and a $300 fine. In Texas, which is where are criminal defense team practices, disorderly conduct is also usually a ticket, punishable by a $500 fine.

Assault

It has been suggested that Kelce could possibly face assault charges, but we believe that is unlikely. Here’s why:

  • No physical contact: The incident involved Kelce grabbing and smashing the fan’s phone, but there are no reports of him physically attacking or threatening the fan directly. Assault typically requires either causing bodily injury or attempting/threatening to cause bodily injury.
  • Focus on property damage: The actions described align more closely with criminal mischief or property damage rather than assault. Kelce damaged the fan’s property (the phone) but did not appear to physically harm the person.
  • Provocation: The incident was provoked by the fan’s use of a homophobic slur, which could be seen as a mitigating factor.
  • Lack of intent to harm: Kelce’s actions seem to have been an impulsive response to an offensive comment rather than an intentional attempt to cause physical harm to the fan.

Theft

By taking the phone after damaging it, Kelce’s actions could be construed as theft, though this would depend on his intent and how long he kept it. Our criminal defense team thinks it would be a stretch to charge Kelce with theft. Here’s why:

  • Intent: Theft typically requires intent to permanently deprive the owner of their property. In this case, Kelce’s actions seem more impulsive and reactive rather than a planned attempt to steal the phone.
  • Duration of possession: Kelce only briefly had possession of the phone after smashing it. One video shows the man chasing after Kelce to get his phone back, suggesting Kelce did not intend to keep it.
  • Context: The incident occurred as a reaction to a provocative and offensive comment, not as an attempt to acquire someone else’s property.
  • Focus on damage: The primary issue here is the damage to the phone, which aligns more closely with criminal mischief or property damage charges rather than theft.
  • Lack of financial motive: There’s no indication that Kelce was trying to gain financially from taking the phone, which is often a component of theft charges.

Could there be a civil suit for the Jason Kelce Phone Break Incident?

Could The Heckler Pursue a Civil Suit for the Penn State Gam Altercation?

Beyond criminal consequences, it’s possible that the fan whose phone was broke could seek civil damages. In a civil lawsuit, the fan would not need to prove intent but only that Kelce’s actions led to their financial loss.

This could result in a demand for compensation for the phone’s replacement cost, and possibly, additional damages for emotional distress, depending on the circumstances. But it is likely? That’s a lot of work for a phone, but there is a lot of publicity surrounding the incident.

Because of the low value of the damages, the case might be more suitable for a small claims court. Also, the heckler’s use of a homophobic slur could be seen as provocation, which might affect how the court views the case.

So, while the heckler could technically pursue a civil case for property damage, the specific circumstances of the incident, including the heckler’s own behavior, could make such a case challenging. Additionally, the potential negative publicity and relatively low value of damages might discourage the heckler from pursuing legal action. Ultimately, the decision to file a lawsuit would depend on the heckler’s willingness to pursue the matter and their assessment of the potential costs and benefits of legal action.

Is Restitution an Option for the Smashed Phone?

Many property damage cases are resolved through restitution. If Kelce offers to compensate the fan by paying for the phone’s replacement, it might satisfy the fan and law enforcement, leading to a quick resolution without court involvement. In fact, informal settlements are common for property disputes and can prevent lengthy legal battles.

Could Kelce’s Heckler Face Legal Ramifications?

The heckler who used a homophobic slur against Jason Kelce’s brother could potentially face some legal ramifications, though it’s unlikely. Some possibilities could include disorderly conduct or harassment, but it’s unlikely that charges would be pursued unless the heckler has a history of similar behavior or if they continued to harass or threaten Kelce’s family.

Ultimately, it is up to law enforcement and prosecutors to decide if any legal action will be taken against the heckler or Kelce. However, this incident serves as a reminder for individuals to think before they speak and consider the consequences of their words. Derogatory language can not only lead to personal confrontations but also potential legal consequences.

Legal Action for Kelce-Fan Clash?

Likelihood of Legal Action for Kelce-Fan Clash

While many viewed Kelce’s actions as inappropriate, there’s no clear indication that criminal or civil actions will be taken. Here’s why:

  • The fan who used the slur may be hesitant to pursue charges, given their own behavior.
  • Law enforcement may choose not to pursue charges, especially if the fan doesn’t press the issue.
  • The incident might be resolved privately, with Kelce potentially offering to replace the damaged phone.

It’s worth noting that even if legal consequences are avoided, Kelce could face other repercussions, such as public criticism or potential disciplinary action from his employers or endorsements, depending on their policies. The situation is still developing, and the ultimate outcome will depend on various factors, including whether the affected individual chooses to pursue legal action and how local authorities decide to handle the incident.

Jason Kelce’s Speaks Out after Phone Smashing Incident

On Monday night, Kelce expressed regret for his actions on ESPN’s “Monday Night Countdown,” stating, “I’m not happy with anything that took place. I’m not proud of it”

He acknowledged that in a moment of anger, he reacted to hostility with more hostility, saying, “I chose to greet hate with hate, and I just don’t think that’s a productive thing” Kelce emphasized the importance of treating others with respect and common decency, reflecting on how he fell short of that standard during the incident.

Kelce’s apology came after footage of the confrontation went viral, showing him smashing the phone to the ground before walking away. He noted that he aims to live by the “golden rule” and regretted not adhering to that principle in this instance.

Takeaways from Phone-Smashing Altercation

While property damage laws vary, and circumstances can make a significant difference, high-profile incidents like this one often attract legal scrutiny. Whether Jason Kelce faces legal trouble depends on various factors, including the fan’s response, the nature of the incident, and any mitigating steps Kelce might take to resolve the situation.

This case reminds us that even minor actions can lead to unexpected legal consequences. If you or someone you know is facing charges stemming from an altercation at a Texas football game, consulting an experienced criminal defense attorney can make all the difference in navigating the legal process and protecting your rights. We handle cases in Fort Worth, Dallas, and Houston. Call 817-202-2220.

Tough cases call for the toughest lawyers.

Varghese Summersett

Lifetime Protective Orders in Family Law Cases: Texas Supreme Court Hears Arguments

The Texas Supreme Court heard oral arguments today in a case that highlights the precarious balance between protecting children and preserving parental rights. The case, Stary v. Ethridge (No. 23-0067), challenges the constitutionality of lifetime protective orders issued under a preponderance of evidence standard in family law cases.

Listen: In-Depth Analysis of Stary v. Ethridge and Permanent Protective Orders

Background of Stary v. Ethridge

Christine Stary and Brady Ethridge divorced in 2018, initially maintaining an amicable shared custody agreement. However, their situation changed dramatically following an incident at Stary’s home on March 5, 2020, which led to a police investigation an initial allegations of injury to a child, a third-degree felony offense.

In response, Ethridge quickly sought legal intervention, filing for a protective order while the criminal investigation was still ongoing.

A search of Harris County records reveals no evidence of a conviction, arrest record, or indictment related to these allegations.

No Criminal Results for Stary

This suggests the criminal case did not result in a conviction and was likely expunged from Stary’s record. (At this point, not even a book-in photo or jail record can be found.) Despite this apparent lack of criminal prosecution, the civil protective order proceedings moved forward rapidly through the fall of 2020, with multiple court dates in September, October, and November, ultimately culminating in the December 7, 2020 decision that would bar Stary from contacting her children for life.

This lifelong or permanent protective order, without a criminal conviction and without any proceedings to terminate Stary’s parental rights, has become the subject of an ongoing legal battle that will shape how relief is sought and granted in family courts across Texas.

Termination of Parental Rights Was Not Sought

At the outset, it’s important to clarify, parental rights can be terminated in a constitutionally-sound manner. However, in Stary, termination was not sought in this case. Instead, a permanent protective order was granted.

The protective order proceedings against Stary highlight significant procedural differences from parental termination cases. When Ethridge initially sought the protective order in March 2020, the application for protective order would have followed standard Texas Family Code procedures, which typically focus on immediate safety concerns and temporary relief. Notably, the standard application forms and citations for protective orders do not explicitly warn respondents that they could permanently lose access to their children for life.

Legal Process Termination of Parental Rights Permanent Protective Order
Legal Basis Texas Family Code § 161.001 Texas Family Code § 85.025(a)(1)
Standard of Proof Clear and convincing evidence (A firm conviction or belief, much higher than preponderance) Preponderance of evidence (More than 50%)
Notice Requirements Specific notice of intent to terminate with explicit warning that rights could be lost permanently. Basic notice of protective order hearing with no explicit warning about possibility of lifetime ban.
Right to Counsel Mandatory appointment of counsel for indigent parents. No automatic right to appointed counsel.
Duration Permanent and irreversible. Theoretically modifiable, but extremely difficult to modify.

The Notice Disparity

In termination cases, parents receive clear notice that their parental rights are at stake – for life. They must be explicitly warned about potential consequences and their right to counsel. The heightened “clear and convincing” evidence standard reflects the gravity of permanently severing the parent-child relationship.

However, in Stary’s case, what began as a presumably temporary protective order evolved into a lifetime ban on parent-child contact without the same level of procedural safeguards. The process did not require:

  • Explicit warning that lifetime severance of contact was possible
  • Notice that the effect could be similar to termination
  • The heightened evidentiary standard used in termination cases
  • Mandatory appointment of counsel

Constitutional Implications

This disparity between protective order and termination procedures raises fundamental due process questions:

Notice

  1. Whether standard protective order notices adequately warn respondents of potential lifetime consequences
  2. If current notice procedures satisfy constitutional due process requirements
  3. Whether parents should receive termination-level warnings when lifetime orders are possible

Standard of Proof Concerns

  1. Whether using the lower preponderance standard for lifetime orders is constitutionally adequate
  2. If the practical effect of lifetime orders requires termination-level protections
  3. How courts should balance immediate safety needs with long-term parental rights

Standards of Proof

Procedural Protections

  1. Whether mandatory counsel should be required for lifetime protective orders
  2. If current procedures adequately protect fundamental parental rights
  3. Whether additional safeguards are needed when lifetime orders are contemplated

The “De Facto Termination” Argument

Stary’s appeal argues that lifetime protective orders effectively function as termination orders without providing equivalent procedural protections. This argument suggests that when the state seeks to permanently sever parent-child contact through any legal mechanism, it should be required to:

  • Provide clear advance notice of possible permanent severance
  • Apply the clear and convincing evidence standard
  • Ensure adequate procedural protections
  • Consider less restrictive alternatives

Legal Framework

The case centers on Texas Family Code Section 85.025(a-1), which permits courts to issue lifetime protective orders when a felony involving family violence is alleged – even without a criminal conviction. This provision has sparked considerable debate about due process rights and the appropriate standard of proof required for such consequential orders. This was enacted in 2011 as part of House Bill 1003 during the 82nd Texas Legislature. Prior to this amendment, protective orders were generally limited to two-year terms, with courts requiring petitioners to prove a continuing need for protection to obtain extensions.

Legislative Intent for Family Code Section 85.025

The provision was introduced amid growing concerns about repeat family violence offenders and the burden on victims who had to repeatedly return to court to extend protective orders. The legislative record indicates the primary goals were to:

  1. Focus on cases involving documented patterns of violence
  2. Address situations with clear evidence of serious abuse
  3. Reduce court appearances for victims

Debate and Opposition

However, even during the bill’s initial consideration, concerns were raised about:

  1. The constitutional implications of lifetime orders
  2. The lower evidentiary standard required
  3. The potential impact on parental rights
  4. The lack of clear mechanisms for modification or review

Critics argued that the law needed more safeguards to protect due process rights, particularly in cases involving parent-child relationships. Some lawmakers pushed for amendments that would have:

  1. Required a higher standard of proof
  2. Mandated periodic review of lifetime orders
  3. Created clearer modification procedures
  4. Required consideration of less restrictive alternatives

The Evidence Against Stary

  • Brady Ethridge’s testimony, which was primarily based on what the children had told him rather than direct observation
  • Medical records documenting the children’s injuries
  • Stary’s testimony, in which she denied the abuse allegations and offered alternative explanations for the injuries, such as accidental falls and rough housing
  • Character witness testimony on Stary’s behalf, though the court placed limitations on this evidence

An amicus attorney was appointed to represent the children’s interests, and the court ordered psychological evaluations for Stary, demonstrating the comprehensive nature of the proceedings.

The Constitutional Question

The core issue before the Supreme Court is whether using the “preponderance of the evidence” standard for lifetime protective orders satisfies constitutional due process requirements. This standard requires only that allegations be more likely true than not – a markedly lower threshold than the “clear and convincing evidence” standard required for terminating parental rights.

The Decision for the Texas Supreme Court

The Texas Supreme Court’s decision could provide crucial guidance on these issues and potentially reshape how Texas courts approach protective orders that effectively sever parent-child relationships. The outcome of this case could have far-reaching implications for family law practice in Texas and might spark broader discussions about necessary reforms to ensure both child safety and parental rights are adequately protected.